{"id":815,"date":"2025-07-21T13:47:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T10:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/?page_id=815"},"modified":"2025-07-23T14:56:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T11:56:13","slug":"zczczc-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/?page_id=815","title":{"rendered":"Types of crane"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_8dbddc866ead3863\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel enable-updated-hr-color\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Understanding Construction Cranes: A Comprehensive Guide<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A diverse spectrum of <b>crane types<\/b> is deployed on <b>construction projects<\/b> to facilitate the lifting and movement of <b>materials<\/b> and other <b>building elements<\/b> from one location to another. The range of <b>cranes<\/b> available spans from a basic rope <b>pulley<\/b> to a towering <b>tower crane<\/b> affixed to the pinnacle of a <b>skyscraper<\/b>. The selection of a <b>crane<\/b> for a particular <b>site<\/b> is contingent upon several influencing <b>factors<\/b>, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The nature of the <b>loads<\/b> requiring elevation.<\/li>\n<li>The necessary vertical <b>height<\/b> and horizontal distances to be spanned.<\/li>\n<li>The required radius of swing.<\/li>\n<li>The duration of the <b>lifting operations<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>The <b>utilisation factor<\/b> (the ratio of time spent <b>in use<\/b> versus the total potential operational time).<\/li>\n<li>The degree of required mobility.<\/li>\n<li>The <b>type of plant<\/b> that will operate in conjunction with the <b>crane<\/b>, such as <b>concreting plant<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Broadly, <b>cranes<\/b> can be categorized as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mobile<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Static<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Tower<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Mobile Cranes<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Mobile cranes<\/b> possess the ability to be relocated within a <b>site<\/b>, affording them considerable <b>flexibility<\/b>. They can be configured as mobile wheeled, truck-mounted, track-mounted, or gantry-based.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Mobile Wheeled Cranes<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Mobile wheeled cranes<\/b> are mounted on a wheeled chassis equipped with stabilisers that can be deployed during lifting to prevent movement. Generally, the <b>crane<\/b> is controlled and driven by an <b>operator<\/b> situated inside the cab. A slewing ring beneath the cab permits a full 360-degree <b>turning<\/b> circle, and the boom extends upwards, supported by <b>suspension<\/b> ropes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lifting capacity:<\/b> Typically ranges from 3 &#8211; 50 tonnes, with approximately 10 tonnes being the most common capacity.<\/li>\n<li><b>Speed limits:<\/b> Applicable depending on the <b>type of vehicle<\/b> and <b>road<\/b> conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mobile wheeled cranes<\/b> are frequently utilized for moving moderately heavy <b>loads<\/b>, <b>equipment<\/b>, and other <b>plant<\/b> within <b>goods<\/b> yards or <b>storage<\/b> areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Truck-mounted Cranes<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Truck-mounted cranes<\/b> are affixed to a <b>truck<\/b> or <b>lorry<\/b> specifically adapted to support an increased <b>load<\/b>. The <b>lorry<\/b> can be driven from a front cab like a conventional <b>vehicle<\/b>, in addition to having auxiliary <b>controls<\/b> for a lattice mast or telescopic boom that extends in <b>sections<\/b>. Fly jib attachments can be used to augment lifting <b>height<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lifting capacity:<\/b> Can range from 5 &#8211; 2,000 tonnes, with 35 &#8211; 100 tonnes being the most commonly utilized range.<\/li>\n<li><b>Speed limits:<\/b> Applicable depending on the <b>type of vehicle<\/b> and <b>road<\/b> conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Given their high transportability and minimal <b>site preparation<\/b> time, this <b>type of crane<\/b> is commonly employed for short hire periods.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Track-mounted Cranes<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Track-mounted cranes<\/b> are mounted on a <b>diesel<\/b>-powered crawler <b>unit<\/b> along with a lattice mast that can <b>accommodate<\/b> a fly jib attachment with additional lifting ropes to allow for enhanced <b>site coverage<\/b>. They can move at low speed around <b>sites<\/b> but necessitate transportation to and rigging on the <b>site<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lifting capacity:<\/b> Typically ranges from 5 &#8211; 30 tonnes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Average speed:<\/b> Usually does not exceed 2 km\/h.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <b>flexibility<\/b> of this <b>crane<\/b> is its primary advantage, as it can be adapted to <b>act<\/b> as a <b>dragline<\/b> with the addition of a <b>winch<\/b> drum at the front. The tracks enable its <b>operational<\/b> capability on poor <b>ground conditions<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Gantry Crane<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Also known as <b>portal cranes<\/b>, <b>gantry cranes<\/b> typically consist of two A-shaped <b>frames<\/b> connected by a lattice <b>cross member<\/b> which straddles the <b>work<\/b> area. The lifting gear is suspended from the horizontal <b>cross member<\/b> and can traverse along it on rails. On small <b>gantry cranes<\/b>, the A-<b>frame<\/b> is wheel-mounted, whereas larger <b>cranes<\/b> are mounted on powered bogies that run on rail tracks. Larger <b>cranes<\/b> tend to have the lifting gear mounted with a driving cab on the <b>cross member<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lifting capacity:<\/b> Small <b>gantry cranes<\/b> have a 10-tonne capacity, but larger versions can <b>lift<\/b> up to 100 tonnes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This form of crane is commonly used for repetitive work on low to medium-rise developments, or in stock yards to move equipment and materials.<\/p>\n<p>Also refer to Gantry.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Static Cranes<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Despite possessing a similar <b>appearance<\/b> to <b>traditional tower cranes<\/b>, <b>static cranes<\/b> differentiate themselves in that the lattice mast is mounted on the slewing ring, implying that the entire <b>tower<\/b> rotates from one fixed position.<\/p>\n<p>They are equipped with a <b>luffing jib<\/b> which can be raised through 90 degrees from horizontal, featuring a trolley and <b>hoist block<\/b> that can move along the length of the jib.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lifting capacity:<\/b> These will vary depending on the length of the jib, the angle to which the jib is raised, and the position of the <b>hoist block<\/b> along its length.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Static cranes<\/b> tend to be used for low <b>capacity<\/b> lifting and are advantageous in that they generally permit a <b>closer<\/b> approach to the face of a <b>building<\/b>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Tower Cranes<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Tower cranes<\/b> are a familiar sight on most <b>construction projects<\/b>. They are typically <b>assembled<\/b> and erected <b>on-site<\/b> with either a horizontal or <b>luffing jib<\/b>. <b>Common features<\/b> of <b>tower cranes<\/b> include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lattice sectionalized <b>tower<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Jib (typically 25 m long) fitted with <b>precast concrete<\/b> <b>counterweight<\/b> <b>blocks<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Access<\/b> <b>ladder<\/b> housed within the <b>tower<\/b> or attached to an outside face.<\/li>\n<li>Stay rods and support <b>frame<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Cab at the top of the <b>tower<\/b> where an <b>operator<\/b> sits.<\/li>\n<li>Slewing ring which allows for rotation of the jib.<\/li>\n<li>Trolley and <b>hoist block<\/b> which can move along the length of the jib.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Tower crane operators<\/b> are capable of observing most of the <b>lifting operations<\/b> from the cab, although a <b>banksman<\/b> (signal person) is required at <b>ground level<\/b> both for overseeing the loading of the <b>crane<\/b> and for issuing signals and <b>guidance<\/b> to the <b>operator<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Tower cranes<\/b> come in a number of different <b>forms<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Self-supporting static<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Supporting static<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Travelling or rail-mounted<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Climbing<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Self-supporting Static Tower Crane<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The <b>tower<\/b> (typically 30 m tall) is anchored at <b>ground level<\/b> using <b>mass<\/b> or <b>reinforced concrete<\/b> bases. <b>Piles<\/b> may be necessary if <b>ground conditions<\/b> are poor. Lifting <b>capacities<\/b> range from 2.5 tonnes with the trolley at the minimum radius and 1 tonne at the maximum radius at the end of the jib. This <b>type of tower crane<\/b> is most appropriate on confined <b>sites<\/b> where there is insufficient <b>room<\/b> for a <b>travelling crane<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Supporting Static Tower Crane<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This is similar to a <b>self-supporting tower crane<\/b> but is employed where high <b>lifts<\/b> are required. To gain additional stability, the <b>tower<\/b> is <b>tied<\/b> at suitable intervals to the face of the <b>structure<\/b>, from a minimum distance of 2 <b>metres<\/b>. This will induce additional <b>stresses<\/b> in the <b>structure<\/b> which must be <b>accommodated<\/b> in the <b>design<\/b>, likely incurring additional <b>costs<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Travelling or Rail-mounted Tower Crane<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>On <b>sites<\/b> that cannot <b>accommodate static cranes<\/b>, a <b>travelling or rail-mounted tower crane<\/b> may be the most suitable option. The <b>tower<\/b> is supported at the base by <b>precast concrete<\/b> <b>ballast blocks<\/b> placed evenly on both sides. This is then mounted on heavy-wheeled bogies that traverse along a rail track which is laid on sleepers and <b>ballast<\/b>. Traversing corners is achievable by <b>constructing<\/b> radius rails or turntables. It is crucial that the track is not placed on a <b>gradient<\/b> exceeding 1 in 200, and that it is meticulously monitored and maintained, as any imperfections or slight movement could <b>render<\/b> the <b>tower<\/b> unstable.<\/p>\n<p>The typical lifting <b>capacities<\/b> are 1 tonne at the maximum radius and 4 tonnes at the minimum radius.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Climbing Tower Crane<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Climbing tower cranes<\/b> are suitable for <b>structures<\/b> that are exceptionally tall. The <b>tower<\/b> is erected within the <b>structure<\/b> and raised as the <b>structure<\/b> itself gains <b>height<\/b> during the <b>construction process<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Typically, the <b>crane<\/b> is fixed to a base and raised two <b>storeys<\/b> at a time or after <b>floors<\/b> have been cast and cured. After the first four <b>floors<\/b> are in position, self-adjusting wedges and <b>collars<\/b> are fixed to the <b>floor<\/b> around the <b>tower<\/b> to transfer its <b>load<\/b> to the <b>floors<\/b>, thereby contributing to stability. Once <b>work<\/b> is <b>complete<\/b>, the <b>crane<\/b> is dismantled in <b>sections<\/b>. The decision to use a <b>climbing tower crane<\/b> must be made carefully, since <b>frames<\/b> or <b>collars<\/b> will need to be <b>designed<\/b> to suit the <b>structure<\/b> in question, and the <b>structure<\/b> must be capable of supporting the required <b>loads<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>You can read about the various <b>regulations<\/b> and <b>safety considerations<\/b> that apply to the use of <b>cranes<\/b> on <b>construction sites<\/b> here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Understanding Construction Cranes: A Comprehensive Guide &nbsp; A diverse spectrum of crane types is deployed on construction projects to facilitate the lifting and movement of materials and other building elements from one location to another. The range of cranes available spans from a basic rope pulley to a towering tower crane affixed to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-815","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=815"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1117,"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/815\/revisions\/1117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.alustell.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}